The largest apex predator whale is the Orca, aka “the killer whale”. It's prey is fish, birds, seals, even other whales. I doubt it has the ability to swallow a man whole.
Larger whales such as a blue whale, the largest animal on earth, feed by sucking in large volume of water and filtering it through baleen, which acts like it's teeth. It then scrapes the food off the baleen with it's tongue and swallows it whole. But the food consumed is krill and small fish. It is really doubtful that a man could be swallowed whole.
Assuming that you could find a whale capable of swallowing a man whole, the answer becomes how long can you hold your breath?
What you're going to need to do is invent a new whale. Thankfully, you're posting in Worldbuilding where such a feat is possible.
Good luck and thanks for all the fish.